Veins normally function to return blood to the heart. Valves in the veins close after blood travels up the vein, preventing blood from backing up (refluxing) down the vein. Valves can become abnormal, or incompetent for a variety of reasons, including obesity, inactivity, trauma, pregnancy, or hereditary factors. Once a valve becomes incompetent, the vein below the valve is exposed to higher pressure, and can become larger (dilate). Other valves and veins nearby are exposed to the higher pressure and can also dilate. Varicose veins commonly appear on the legs as raised, often ropy, enlarged veins. They can cause the legs to swell, throb, burn or ache, and in severe cases, can lead to inflammation, ulceration and even blood clots. It is estimated that 80 million Americans are affected by either spider or varicose veins. Varicose veins are diagnosed with ultrasound, MRI, and sometimes a dye study. Steps tp prevent varicose veins include reaching a healthy weight, exercise, avoiding constricting clothing, and a high fiber diet.

What causes varicose and spider veins?

Heredity is the number one factor causing varicose and spider veins. Women are more likely to suffer from varicose veins, especially because of pregnancy and hormonal factors. Pregnancy causes increases in hormone levels and blood volume, which in turn causes veins to enlarge. In addition, the enlarged uterus causes increased pressure on the veins. Varicose veins due to pregnancy may improve within several months after delivery, but never go away. Other predisposing factors include occupations involving prolonged sitting or standing, obesity, trauma, and intense weight training exercising.

What is the best treatment for varicose or spider veins?

Treatment may not be needed if there are no symptoms. However, varicose veins may sometimes worsen without treatment.

A variety of treatment options can be used that involve different procedures, these include endovenous laser therapy, injection sclerotherapy, micro-incisional phlebectomy or resection, and even ligation and stripping. Non-surgical methods for helping to relieve symptoms include elevation of legs and using compression stockings.